Muharram, the first month of the Islamic lunar calendar, holds profound significance for Muslims worldwide. Known for its spiritual depth and historical importance, Muharram is a time of reflection, mourning, and renewal of faith. This article explores the virtues of Muharram and the recommended practice of fasting during this sacred month.
The Significance of Muharram
Muharram is one of the four sacred months in Islam, as ordained by Allah in the Quran:
“Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve months in the register of Allah from the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred.” (Quran 9:36)
These sacred months are Dhu al-Qi’dah, Dhu al-Hijjah, Muharram, and Rajab. The sanctity of these months was emphasized to encourage Muslims to seek forgiveness, engage in righteous deeds, and refrain from sin.
The Virtues of al-Muharram
- Sacredness: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) referred to Muharram as “the Sacred Month of Allah,” highlighting its unique status among the months. The reverence for Muharram encourages Muslims to elevate their spiritual practices and avoid wrongdoing.
- Historical Significance: Muharram is particularly significant for its historical events, most notably the Battle of Karbala. On the 10th of Muharram, known as Ashura, the Prophet’s grandson, Imam Hussain (may Allah be pleased with him), and his companions were martyred. This event is a poignant reminder of the struggle against oppression and the importance of standing up for justice.
- Opportunity for Forgiveness: Muharram is an opportune time for Muslims to seek forgiveness and purify their hearts. Engaging in acts of worship and good deeds during this month is believed to carry immense spiritual rewards.
Fasting in al-Muharram
One of the most recommended acts of worship during Muharram is fasting, particularly on the day of Ashura. The virtues of fasting in this month are highlighted in various hadiths:
- Atonement of Sins: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, “The best of fasts after Ramadan is fasting Allah’s month of Muharram.” He also mentioned that fasting on the day of Ashura expiates the sins of the previous year.
- Following the Prophetic Tradition: Fasting on Ashura was initially obligatory before the fasting of Ramadan was made compulsory. Even after it became voluntary, the Prophet continued to observe it and encouraged his followers to do the same.
- Connection to Prophets: The day of Ashura is historically significant as it commemorates various events, such as the deliverance of Prophet Musa (Moses) and his people from Pharaoh. Muslims fast on this day in gratitude to Allah, following the tradition of the Prophets.
Observing Muharram Today
Muslims worldwide observe Muharram with various customs and traditions, all aimed at deepening their faith and remembering the lessons from history. Key practices include:
- Fasting: Many Muslims fast on the 9th and 10th of Muharram, or the 10th and 11th, to honor the day of Ashura and to emulate the Prophet’s practice.
- Acts of Charity: Engaging in charitable acts and helping those in need are encouraged, reflecting the spirit of compassion and community.
- Reflection and Remembrance: Muharram is a time for Muslims to reflect on the sacrifices made by Imam Hussain and his companions. It serves as a reminder of the importance of justice, righteousness, and standing against tyranny.
Why Matam in Muharram?
Shia Muslims practice matam as a significant expression of mourning for the martyrdom of Imam Hussain and his companions at the Battle of Karbala. This ritual, involving chest-beating and other forms of self-flagellation, is not a universal practice in Islam nor mentioned in main stream Islamic books but holds historical, cultural, and spiritual importance for Shia communities only.
Conclusion
Muharram, with its sacred status and historical depth, offers Muslims a profound opportunity for spiritual growth and reflection. The virtues of al-Muharram and the practice of fasting during this month help believers reconnect with their faith, seek forgiveness, and commemorate significant events in Islamic history. Through these acts of worship and remembrance, Muslims honor the legacy of the Prophets and reaffirm their commitment to the values of justice, compassion, and devotion.