Makar Sankranti is one of the most important and widely celebrated festivals in India. Observed every year in January, it marks the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign Makara (Capricorn). Unlike many Indian festivals based on the lunar calendar, Makar Sankranti follows the solar calendar, making its date almost fixed each year.
This festival is deeply rooted in agriculture, mythology, and devotion, especially toward the Sun God.
Mythological Belief Behind Makar Sankranti
There are many stories associated with the origin of Makar Sankranti. Among them, the most famous and widely believed myth says that the Sun comes to Earth to meet his son Makar on this auspicious day. According to this belief, the Sun visits Earth for a specific period, making the day extremely sacred.
Devotees who believe in this mythology worship the Sun God because he is believed to descend to Earth on Makar Sankranti. This divine visit is seen as a symbol of blessings, positivity, and prosperity, which is why people celebrate the day with joy and devotion.
Makar Sankranti as a Harvest Festival
Makar Sankranti is also celebrated as a harvest festival across many parts of India. It signifies the end of the winter solstice and the beginning of longer days. For farmers, it marks the harvesting of new crops and the arrival of prosperity.
Gratitude is expressed to nature and the Sun, which is considered the main source of energy and life that helps crops grow and sustain life on Earth.
Sun God Worship and Traditions
On Makar Sankranti, people wake up early, take holy baths in rivers, and offer prayers to the Sun God. Worshiping the Sun is believed to bring good health, success, and happiness.
One of the most joyful traditions of this festival is kite flying. The colorful kites filling the sky symbolize happiness and celebration, honoring the Sun God and expressing gratitude for his energy and warmth.
Belief Differences: Hinduism and Islam
While Makar Sankranti holds deep religious significance for Hindus, Muslims do not share this belief. In Islam, it is believed that the Sun, Moon, stars, trees, and all living beings are creations of Allah. Therefore, they cannot be considered God or worshipped.
Muslims believe in worshipping only one God (Allah) and bowing solely to Him. Hence, they do not worship the Sun or celebrate Makar Sankranti from a religious perspective, though some may observe it culturally in diverse societies.
Conclusion
Makar Sankranti is more than just a festival—it is a blend of mythology, agriculture, devotion, and joy. Celebrated in January, it honors the Sun God, marks the harvest season, and symbolizes positivity and renewal. While beliefs may differ across religions, Makar Sankranti remains a vibrant cultural festival that reflects India’s rich traditions and deep connection with nature.